Which activities are essential components of research-based Structured Literacy?

The inclusion of all the listed activities is crucial to effective research-based Structured Literacy practices, as each activity plays a significant role in fostering reading skills.

The review of sounds and letters previously taught reinforces students' foundational knowledge, helping them to solidify their understanding and recall of phonics and spelling patterns. This helps create a strong basis for more advanced literacy skills as they progress.

Phonemic awareness activities are essential because they focus on the sounds of language. Understanding and manipulating these sounds is a key component of reading development, allowing students to blend, segment, and manipulate sounds, which directly aids in decoding words.

The systematic review of oral reading words involves structured practice that allows students to improve their fluency and comprehension skills. It ensures that learners are regularly exposed to new words while also reinforcing words they have already learned, which helps enhance their overall reading ability.

By incorporating these varied but vital components, Structured Literacy supports a comprehensive approach to teaching reading that caters to diverse learning needs, ensuring that students develop a balanced skill set necessary for proficient reading. Therefore, it is accurate to say that all these activities together are essential for effective Structured Literacy instruction.