What does “phonological processing” refer to?

Phonological processing refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds in spoken language. This skill is critical for understanding how sounds function in words, which forms the foundation for reading and writing. It encompasses various tasks such as recognizing syllables, rhymes, and phonemes, as well as being able to blend sounds together or segment them apart. Strong phonological processing skills enhance a person’s ability to decode words while reading and spell them correctly when writing.

The other responses, while related to literacy and language, do not accurately define phonological processing. Memorizing words quickly pertains more to vocabulary acquisition and recall than to sound manipulation. Reading fluently involves the ability to read text smoothly and accurately but relies on phonological processing as a precursor. Accurate spelling is influenced by phonological awareness, but it does not encompass the broader concept of recognizing and manipulating sounds in spoken language.