What does decoding refer to in reading?

Decoding in reading specifically refers to the process of translating written words into their corresponding sounds or phonemes. This skill is fundamental for beginning readers as it allows them to recognize words by sounding them out, which is essential for reading fluency. Mastering decoding enables readers to unlock the meaning of the text they encounter, thereby laying the groundwork for further comprehension skills. Understanding this process is crucial in the context of structured literacy, which emphasizes systematic instruction in phonemic awareness, phonics, and word recognition. This focus on decoding equips learners with the tools they need to read unfamiliar words and ultimately enhances their overall literacy development.